I take refuge with Allaah from the accursed devil. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Raheem: In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful. Welcome to my blog and praise the Magnificent Lord as you enter: Allahu Akbar: Allah is the Greatest . May the Peace and Blessing of Allah Azza wa Jal, our Lord Glorified and Praised be He, be upon our beloved Prophet, his Family, and Companions. The Best of Narrations: Prophet Yusuf (Joseph), Peace be upon him: A Dream Fulfilled. قَالَ بَلْ سَوَّلَتْ لَكُمْ أَنفُسُكُمْ أَمْرًا فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَأْتِيَنِى بِهِمْ جَمِيعًا إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ (83. He [Ya`qub] said: “Nay, but your own selves have beguiled you into something. So patience is most fitting (for me). May be Allah will bring them (back) all to me. Truly, He! Only He is All-Knowing, All-Wise.”) وَتَوَلَّى عَنْهُمْ وَقَالَ يأَسَفَا عَلَى يُوسُفَ وَابْيَضَّتْ عَيْنَاهُ مِنَ الْحُزْنِ فَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ (84. And he turned away from them and said: “Alas, my grief for Yusuf!” And he lost his sight because of the sorrow that he was suppressing.) قَالُواْ تَالله تَفْتَأُ تَذْكُرُ يُوسُفَ حَتَّى تَكُونَ حَرَضاً أَوْ تَكُونَ مِنَ الْهَـلِكِينَ (85. They said: “By Allah! You will never cease remembering Yusuf until you become weak with old age, or until you be of the dead.”) قَالَ إِنَّمَآ أَشْكُو بَثِّى وَحُزْنِى إِلَى اللَّهِ وَأَعْلَمُ مِنَ اللَّهِ مَا لاَ تَعْلَمُونَ (86. He said: “I only complain of my grief and sorrow to Allah, and I know from Allah that which you know not.”) Surah 12 Yusuf Verse 83-86 Tafsir Ibn Kathir Allah’s Prophet Ya`qub repeated to his children the same words he said to them when they brought false blood on Yusuf’ shirt, (Nay, but your own selves have beguiled you into something. So patience is most fitting (for me).) Muhammad bin Ishaq said, “When they went back to Ya`qub and told him what happened, he did not believe them and thought that this was a repetition of what they did to Yusuf. So he said, (Nay, but your own selves have beguiled you into something. So patience is most fitting (for me).) Some said that since this new development came after what they did before [to Yusuf], they were given the same judgement to this later incident that was given to them when they did what they did [to Yusuf]. Therefore, Ya`qub’s statement here is befitting, (Nay, but your own selves have beguiled you into something. So patience is most fitting (for me).) He then begged Allah to bring back his three sons: Yusuf, Binyamin and Rubil to him.” Rubil had remained in Egypt awaiting Allah’s decision about his case, either his father’s permission ordering him to go back home, or to secure the release of his brother in confidence. This is why Ya`qub said, (May be Allah will bring them (back) all to me. Truly, He! Only He is All-Knowing,), in my distress, (the All-Wise), in His decisions and the decree and preordainment He appoints. Allah said next, (And he turned away from them and said: “Alas, my grief for Yusuf!”) He turned away from his children and remembered his old grief for Yusuf, (Alas, my grief for Yusuf!) The new grief, losing Binyamin and Rubil, renewed his old sadness that he kept to himself. `Abdur-Razzaq narrated that Ath-Thawri said that Sufyan Al-`Usfuri said that Sa`id bin Jubayr said, “Only this nation [the following of Prophet Muhammad ] were given Al-Istirja’. Have you not heard the statement of Ya`qub, peace be upon him, (“Alas, my grief for Yusuf !” And he lost his sight because of the sorrow that he was suppressing. )” Ya`qub suppressed his sorrow and did not complain to a created being, according to Qatadah and other scholars. Ad-Dahhak also commented, “Ya`qub was aggrieved, sorrowful and sad.” Ya`qub’s children felt pity for him and said, while feeling sorrow and compassion, (By Allah! You will never cease remembering Yusuf), `you will keep remembering Yusuf, (until you become weak with old age,), until your strength leaves you,’ (or until you be of the dead.) They said, `if you continue like this, we fear for you that you might die of grief,’ (He said: “I only complain of my grief and sorrow to Allah.”) When they said these words to him, Ya`qub said, `(I only complain of my grief and sorrow) for the afflictions that struck me, (to Allah, ) alone, (and I know from Allah that which you know not.) I anticipate from Allah each and every type of goodness.’ Ibn `Abbas commented on the meaning of, (and I know from Allah that which you know not.) “The vision that Yusuf saw is truthful and Allah will certainly make it come true.” يبَنِىَّ اذْهَبُواْ فَتَحَسَّسُواْ مِن يُوسُفَ وَأَخِيهِ وَلاَ تَايْـَسُواْ مِن رَّوْحِ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لاَ يَايْـَسُ مِن رَّوْحِ اللَّهِ إِلاَّ الْقَوْمُ الْكَـفِرُونَ (87. “O my sons! Go you and inquire about Yusuf and his brother, and never give up hope of Allah’s mercy. Certainly no one despairs of Allah’s mercy, except the people who disbelieve.”) فَلَمَّا دَخَلُواْ عَلَيْهِ قَالُواْ يأَيُّهَا الْعَزِيزُ مَسَّنَا وَأَهْلَنَا الضُّرُّ وَجِئْنَا بِبِضَاعَةٍ مُّزْجَاةٍ فَأَوْفِ لَنَا الْكَيْلَ وَتَصَدَّقْ عَلَيْنَآ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَجْزِى الْمُتَصَدِّقِينَ (88. Then, when they entered unto him, they said: “O `Aziz! A hard time has hit us and our family, and we have brought but poor capital, so pay us full measure and be charitable to us. Truly, Allah does reward the charitable.”) Surah 12 Yusuf Verse 87-88 Tafsir Ibn Kathir Allah states that Ya`qub, peace be upon him, ordered his children to go back and inquire about the news of Yusuf and his brother Binyamin, in a good manner, not as spies. He encouraged them, delivered to them the good news and ordered them not to despair of Allah’s mercy. He ordered them to never give up hope in Allah, nor to ever discontinue trusting in Him for what they seek to accomplish. He said to them that only the disbelieving people despair of Allah’s mercy. Allah said next, (Then, when they entered unto him), when they went back to Egypt and entered upon Yusuf, (they said: “O Aziz! A hard time has hit us and our family…”), because of severe droughts and the scarcity of food, (and we have brought but poor capital,) means, `we brought money for the food we want to buy, but it is not substantial,’ according to Mujahid, Al-Hasan and several others. Allah said that they said next, (so pay us full measure) meaning, `in return for the little money we brought, give us the full measure that you gave us before.’ Ibn Mas`ud read this Ayah in a way that means, “So give the full load on our animals and be charitable with us.” Ibn Jurayj commented, “So be charitable to us by returning our brother to us.” And when Sufyan bin `Uyaynah was asked if the Sadaqah (charity) was prohibited for any Prophet before our Prophet , he said, “Have you not heard the Ayah, (so pay us full measure and be charitable to us. Truly, Allah does reward the charitable.)” Ibn Jarir At-Tabari collected this statement. قَالَ هَلْ عَلِمْتُمْ مَّا فَعَلْتُم بِيُوسُفَ وَأَخِيهِ إِذْ أَنتُمْ جَـهِلُونَ (89. He said: “Do you know what you did with Yusuf and his brother, when you were ignorant”) قَالُواْ أَءِنَّكَ لاّنتَ يُوسُفُ قَالَ أَنَاْ يُوسُفُ وَهَـذَا أَخِى قَدْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَآ إِنَّهُ مَن يَتَّقِ وَيِصْبِرْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ (90. They said: “Are you indeed Yusuf” He said: “I am Yusuf , and this is my brother. Allah has indeed been gracious to us. He who has Taqwa, and is patient, then surely, Allah makes not the reward of the gooddoers to be lost.”) قَالُواْ تَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ آثَرَكَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا وَإِن كُنَّا لَخَـطِئِينَ (91. They said: “By Allah! Indeed Allah has preferred you above us, and we certainly have been sinners.”) قَالَ لاَ تَثْرَيبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْيَوْمَ يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ الرَحِمِينَ (92. He said: “No reproach on you this day; may Allah forgive you, and He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy!) Surah 12 Yusuf Verse 89-92 Tafsir Ibn Kathir Allah says, when Yusuf’s brothers told him about the afflictions and hardship, and shortages in food they suffered from in the aftermath of the drought that struck them, and he remembered his father’s grief for losing his two children, he felt compassion, pity and mercy for his father and brothers. He felt this way, especially since he was enjoying kingship, authority and power, so he cried and revealed his true identity to them when he asked them, (Do you know what you did with Yusuf and his brother, when you were ignorant) meaning, `when you separated between Yusuf and his brother,’ (when you were ignorant) He said, `What made you do this is your ignorance of the tremendous sin you were about to commit.’ It appears, and Allah knows best, that Yusuf revealed his identity to his brothers only then by Allah’s command, just as he hid his identity from them in the first two meetings, by Allah’s command. When the affliction became harder, Allah sent His relief from that affliction, just as He said He does, (Verily, along with every hardship is relief. Verily, along with every hardship is relief.)[94:5-6] This is when they said to Yusuf, (Are you indeed Yusuf), in amazement, because they had been meeting him for more than two years while unaware of who he really was. Yet, he knew who they were and hid this news from them. Therefore, they asked in astonishment, (Are you indeed Yusuf He said: “I am Yusuf, and this is my brother…”) Yusuf said next, `(Allah has indeed been gracious to us.) by gathering us together after being separated all this time,’ (“Verily, he who has Taqwa, and is patient, then surely, Allah makes not the reward of the gooddoers to be lost.” They said: “By Allah! Indeed Allah has preferred you above us.”) They affirmed Yusuf’s virtue above them, being blessed with beauty, conduct, richness, kingship, authority and, above all, prophethood. They admitted their error and acknowledged that they made a mistake against him, (He said: “No reproach on you this day.”) He said to them, `There will be no blame for you today or admonishment, and I will not remind you after today of your error against me.’ He then multiplied his generosity by invoking Allah for them for mercy, (may Allah forgive you, and He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy!) اذْهَبُواْ بِقَمِيصِى هَـذَا فَأَلْقُوهُ عَلَى وَجْهِ أَبِى يَأْتِ بَصِيرًا وَأْتُونِى بِأَهْلِكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ (93. “Go with this shirt of mine, and cast it over the face of my father, his vision will return, and bring to me all your family.”) وَلَمَّا فَصَلَتِ الْعِيرُ قَالَ أَبُوهُمْ إِنِّى لأَجِدُ رِيحَ يُوسُفَ لَوْلاَ أَن تُفَنِّدُونِ (94. And when the caravan departed, their father said: “I do indeed sense the smell of Yusuf, if only you think me not senile).”) قَالُواْ تَاللَّهِ إِنَّكَ لَفِى ضَلَـلِكَ الْقَدِيمِ (95. They said: “By Allah! Certainly, you are in your old Dalal (error).”) Surah 12 Yusuf Verse 93-95 Tafsir ibn Kathir Yusuf said, `Take this shirt of mine, (and cast it over the face of my father, his vision will return),’ because Ya`qub had lost his sight from excessive crying, (and bring to me all your family.) all the children of Ya`qub. (And when the caravan departed) from Egypt, (their father said…), Ya`qub, peace be upon him, said to the children who remained with him, `(I do indeed feel the smell of Yusuf, if only you think me not senile.), except that you might think me senile because of old age.’ `Abdur-Razzaq narrated that Ibn `Abbas said, “When the caravan departed [from Egypt], a wind started blowing and brought the scent of Yusuf’s shirt to Ya`qub. He said, (I do indeed feel the smell of Yusuf , if only you think me not senile.) He found his scent from a distance of eight days away!” Similar was also reported through Sufyan Ath-Thawri and Shu`bah and others reported it from Abu Sinan. Ya`qub said to them, (if only you think me not senile.) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ata, Qatadah and Sa’id bin Jubayr commented, “If only you think me not a fool!” Mujahid and Al-Hasan said that it means, “If only you think me not old.” Their answer to him was, (Certainly, you are in your old Dalal.) meaning, `in your old error,’ according to Ibn `Abbas. Qatadah commented, “They meant that, `because of your love for Yusuf you will never forget him.’ So they uttered a harsh word to their father that they should never have uttered to him, nor to a Prophet of Allah.” Similar was said by As-Suddi and others. فَلَمَّآ أَن جَآءَ الْبَشِيرُ أَلْقَاهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ فَارْتَدَّ بَصِيرًا قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَّكُمْ إِنِّى أَعْلَمُ مِنَ اللَّهِ مَا لاَ تَعْلَمُونَ (96. Then, when the bearer of the good news arrived, he cast it (the shirt) over his face, and his vision returned. He said: “Did I not say to you, `I know from Allah that which you know not”’) قَالُواْ يأَبَانَا اسْتَغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَآ إِنَّا كُنَّا خَـطِئِينَ (97. They said: “O our father! Ask forgiveness (from Allah) for our sins, indeed we have been sinners.”) قَالَ سَوْفَ أَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكُمْ رَبِّى إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ (98. He said: “I will ask my Lord for forgiveness for you, verily, He! Only He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.”) Surah 12 Yusuf Verse 96-98 Tafsir Ibn Kathir Ibn `Abbas and Ad-Dahhak said; (good news) means information. Mujahid and As-Suddi said that the bearer of good news was Yahudha, son of Ya`qub. As-Suddi added, “He brought it (Yusuf’s shirt) because it was he who brought Yusuf’s shirt stained with the false blood. So he liked to erase that error with this good act, by bringing Yusuf’s shirt and placing it on his father’s face. His father’s sight was restored to him.” Ya`qub said to his children, (Did I not say to you, `I know from Allah that which you know not’), that I know that Allah will return Yusuf to me and that, (I do indeed feel the smell of Yusuf, if only you think me not senile.) This is when Yusuf’s brothers said to their father, with humble- ness, (“O our father! Ask forgiveness (from Allah) for our sins, indeed we have been sinners.” He said: “I will ask my Lord for forgiveness for you, verily, He! Only He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.”) and He forgives those who repent to Him. `Abdullah bin Mas`ud, Ibrahim At-Taymi, `Amr bin Qays, Ibn Jurayj and several others said that Prophet Ya`qub delayed fulfilling their request until the latter part of the night. فَلَمَّا دَخَلُواْ عَلَى يُوسُفَ ءَاوَى إِلَيْهِ أَبَوَيْهِ وَقَالَ ادْخُلُواْ مِصْرَ إِن شَآءَ اللَّهُ ءَامِنِينَ (99. Then, when they came in before Yusuf, he took his parents to himself and said: “Enter Egypt, if Allah wills, in security.”) وَرَفَعَ أَبَوَيْهِ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ وَخَرُّواْ لَهُ سُجَّدَا وَقَالَ يأَبَتِ هَـذَا تَأْوِيلُ رُؤْيَـى مِن قَبْلُ قَدْ جَعَلَهَا رَبِّى حَقًّا وَقَدْ أَحْسَنَ بَى إِذْ أَخْرَجَنِى مِنَ السِّجْنِ وَجَآءَ بِكُمْ مِّنَ الْبَدْوِ مِن بَعْدِ أَن نَّزغَ الشَّيْطَـنُ بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَ إِخْوَتِى إِنَّ رَبِّى لَطِيفٌ لِّمَا يَشَآءُ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ (100. And he raised his parents to the `Arsh and they fell down before him prostrate. And he said: “O my father! This is the interpretation of my dream aforetime! My Lord has made it come true! He was indeed good to me, when He took me out of the prison, and brought you (all here) out of the bedouin life, after Shaytan had sown enmity between me and my brothers. Certainly, my Lord is the Most Courteous and Kind unto whom He wills. Truly, He! Only He is the All-Knowing, the All-Wise.) Surah 12 Yusuf Verse 99-100 Tafsir Ibn Kathir Allah states that Ya`qub went to Yusuf in Egypt. Yusuf had asked his brothers to bring all of their family, and they all departed their area and left Kana`an to Egypt. When Yusuf received news of their approach to Egypt, he went out to receive them. The king ordered the princes and notable people to go out in the receiving party with Yusuf to meet Allah’s Prophet Ya`qub, peace be upon him. It is said that the king also went out with them to meet Ya`qub. Yusuf said to his family, after they entered unto him and he took them to himself, (and said: “Enter Egypt, if Allah wills, in security.”) He said to them, `enter Egypt’, meaning, `reside in Egypt’, and added, `if Allah wills, in security’, in reference to the hardship and famine that they suffered. Allah said next, (and he took his parents to himself) As-Suddi and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said that his parents were his father and maternal aunt, as his mother had died long ago. Muhammad bin Ishaq and Ibn Jarir At-Tabari said, “His father and mother were both alive.” Ibn Jarir added, “There is no evidence that his mother had died before then. Rather, the apparent words of the Qur’an testify that she was alive.” This opinion has the apparent and suitable meaning that this story testifies to. Allah said next, (And he raised his parents to Al-’Arsh) he raised them to his bedstead where he sat, according to Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and several others. Allah said, (and they fell down before him prostrate.) Yusuf’s parents and brothers prostrated before him, and they were eleven men, (And he said: “O my father! This is the Ta’wil (interpretation) of my dream aforetime…”), in reference to the dream that he narrated to his father before, (I saw (in a dream) eleven stars…) In the laws of these and previous Prophets, it was allowed for the people to prostrate before the men of authority, when they met them. This practice was allowed in the law of Adam until the law of `Isa, peace be upon them, but was later prohibited in our law. Islam made prostration exclusively for Allah Alone, the Exalted and Most Honored. The implication of this statement was collected from Qatadah and other scholars. When Mu`adh bin Jabal visited the Sham area, he found them prostrating before their priests. When he returned (to Al-Madinah), he prostrated before the Messenger of Allah , who asked him, (What is this, O, Mu`adh) Mu`adh said, “I saw that they prostrate before their priests. However, you, O Messenger of Allah, deserve more to be prostrated before.” The Messenger said, (If I were to order anyone to prostrate before anyone else (among the creation), I would have ordered the wife to prostrate before her husband because of the enormity of his right on her.) Therefore, this practice was allowed in previous laws, as we stated. This is why they (Ya`qub and his wife and eleven sons) prostrated before Yusuf, who said at that time, (O my father! This is the Ta’wil of my dream aforetime! My Lord has made it come true!) using the word, `Ta’wil’, to describe what became of the matter, later on. Allah said in another Ayah, (Await they just for its Ta’wil On the Day the event is finally fulfilled…), meaning, on the Day of Judgement what they were promised of good or evil will surely come to them. Yusuf said, (My Lord has made it come true!) mentioning that Allah blessed him by making his dream come true, (He was indeed good to me, when He took me out of the prison, and brought you (all here) out of the bedouin life,) out of the desert, for they lived a bedouin life and raised cattle, according to Ibn Jurayj and others. He also said that they used to live in the Arava, Ghur area of Palestine, in Greater Syria. Yusuf said next, (after Shaytan had sown enmity between me and my brothers. Certainly, my Lord is the Most Courteous and Kind unto whom He wills.) for when Allah wills something, He brings forth its reasons and elements of existence, then wills it into existence and makes it easy to attain, (Truly, He! Only He is the All-Knowing.) what benefits His servants, (the All-Wise.) in His statements, actions, decrees, preordain- ment and what He chooses and wills. رَبِّ قَدْ آتَيْتَنِى مِنَ الْمُلْكِ وَعَلَّمْتَنِى مِن تَأْوِيلِ الاٌّحَادِيثِ فَاطِرَ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ أَنتَ وَلِىِّ فِى الدُّنُيَا وَالاٌّخِرَةِ تَوَفَّنِى مُسْلِمًا وَأَلْحِقْنِى بِالصَّـلِحِينَ (101. “My Lord! You have indeed bestowed on me of the sovereignty, and taught me something of the interpretation of dreams – the (Only) Creator of the heavens and the earth! You are my Wali in this world and in the Hereafter. Cause me to die as a Muslim, and join me with the righteous.”) Surah 12 Yusuf Verse 101 Tafsir Ibn Kathir This is the invocation of Yusuf, the truthful one, to his Lord the Exalted and Most Honored. He invoked Allah after His favor was complete on him by being reunited with his parents and brothers, after He had bestowed on him prophethood and kingship. He begged his Lord the Exalted and Ever High, that as He has perfected His bounty on him in this life, to continue it until the Hereafter. He begged Him that, when he dies, he dies as a Muslim, as Ad-Dahhak said, and to join him with the ranks of the righteous, with his brethren the Prophets and Messengers, may Allah’s peace and blessings be on them all. It is possible that Yusuf, peace be upon him, said this supplication while dying. In the Two Sahihs it is recorded that `A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said that while dying, the Messenger of Allah was raising his finger and said – thrice, (O Allah to Ar-Rafiq Al-A`la [the uppermost, highest company in heaven].) It is also possible that long before he died, Yusuf begged Allah to die as a Muslim and be joined with the ranks of the righteous.

 I take refuge with Allaah from the accursed devil. 
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
  Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Raheem: In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful. 
 Welcome to my blog and praise the Magnificent Lord as you enter: Allahu Akbar: Allah is the Greatest .
  May the Peace and Blessing of Allah Azza wa Jal, our Lord Glorified and Praised be He, be upon our beloved Prophet, his Family, and Companions.
Prophet Yusuf (Joseph), may peace be upon him, meets with his brothers.
وَجَآءَ إِخْوَةُ يُوسُفَ فَدَخَلُواْ عَلَيْهِ فَعَرَفَهُمْ وَهُمْ لَهُ مُنكِرُونَ
(58. And Yusuf’s brethren came and they entered unto him, and he recognized them, but they recognized him not.)
 وَلَمَّا جَهَّزَهُم بِجَهَازِهِمْ قَالَ ائْتُونِى بِأَخٍ لَّكُمْ مِّنْ أَبِيكُمْ أَلاَ تَرَوْنَ أَنِّى أُوفِى الْكَيْلَ وَأَنَاْ خَيْرُ الْمُنْزِلِينَ
(59. And when he furnished them with their provisions, he said: “Bring me a brother of yours from your father. See you not that I give full measure, and that I am the best of the hosts”)
فَإِن لَّمْ تَأْتُونِى بِهِ فَلاَ كَيْلَ لَكُمْ عِندِى وَلاَ تَقْرَبُونِ
(60. “But if you bring him not to me, there shall be no measure (of corn) for you with me, nor shall you come near me.”)
قَالُواْ سَنُرَوِدُ عَنْهُ أَبَاهُ وَإِنَّا لَفَـعِلُونَ
(61. They said: “We shall try to get permission (for him) from his father, and verily, we shall do it.”)
وَقَالَ لِفِتْيَانِهِ اجْعَلُواْ بِضَـعَتَهُمْ فِى رِحَالِهِمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَعْرِفُونَهَآ إِذَا انْقَلَبُواْ إِلَى أَهْلِهِمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ
(62. And [Yusuf] told his servants to put their money into their bags, so that they might know it when they go back to their people; in order that they might come again.)
Surah 12 Yusuf Verse 58-62
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
As-Suddi, Muhammad bin Ishaq and several others said that the reason why Yusuf’s brothers went to Egypt, is that after Yusuf became minister of Egypt and the seven years of abundance passed, then came the seven years of drought that struck all areas of Egypt. The drought also reached the area of Kana`an (Canaan), where Prophet Ya`qub, peace be upon him, and his children resided. Prophet Yusuf efficiently guarded the people’s harvest and collected it, and what he collected became a great fortune for the people. This also permitted Yusuf to give gifts to the people who sought his aid from various areas who came to buy food and provisions for their families. Yusuf would not give a family man more than whatever a camel could carry, as annual provisions for them. Yusuf himself did not fill his stomach from this food, nor did the king and his aids eat except one meal a day. By doing so, the people could sustain themselves with what they had for the remainder of the seven years. Indeed, Yusuf was a mercy from Allah sent to the people of Egypt. Yusuf’s brothers were among those who came to Egypt to buy food supplies, by the order of their father. They knew that the `Aziz of Egypt was selling food to people who need it for a low price, so they took some merchandise from their land with them to exchange it for food. They were ten, because Ya`qub peace be upon him kept his son and Yusuf’s brother Binyamin with him. Binyamin was the dearest of his sons to him after Yusuf. When Prophet Yusuf’s brothers entered on him in his court and the center of his authority, he knew them the minute he saw them. However, they did not recognize him because they got rid of him when he was still young, and sold him to a caravan of travelers while unaware of their destination. They could not have imagined that Yusuf would end up being a minister, and this is why they did not recognize him, while he did recognize them. As-Suddi said that Yusuf started talking to his brothers and asked them, “What brought you to my land” They said, “O, `Aziz, we came to buy provisions.” He asked them, “You might be spies.” They said, “Allah forbids.” He asked them, “Where are you from” They said, “From the area of Kana`an, and our father is Allah’s Prophet Ya`qub.” He asked them, “Does he have other children besides you” They said, “Yes, we were twelve brothers. Our youngest died in the desert, and he used to be the dearest to his father. His full brother is alive and his father kept him, so that his closeness compensates him for losing our youngest brother [who died].” Yusuf ordered that his brothers be honored and allowed to remain,
(And when he furnished them with their provisions,) according to their needs and gave them what they wanted to buy, he said to them, “Bring me your brother from your father’s side whom you mentioned, so that I know that you have told me the truth.” He continued,
(See you not that I give full measure, and that I am the best of the hosts) encouraging them to return to him. He then threatened them,
(But if you bring him not to me, there shall be no measure (of corn) for you with me. ) He threatened them that if the next time they come without Binyamin with them, they will not be allowed to buy the food that they need,
(“…nor shall you come near me.” They said: “We shall try to get permission (for him) from his father, and verily, we shall do it.”) They said, `We will try our best to bring him with us, so that we spare no effort to prove to you that we are truthful in what we told you about ourselves.’ Allah said,
(And [Yusuf] told his servants), or his slaves,
(to put their money), or the merchandise they brought with them to exchange for food,
(into their bags,), while they were unaware,
(in order that they might come again.) It was said that Yusuf did this because he feared that his brothers might not have any more merchandise they could bring with them to exchange for food.
فَلَمَّا رَجِعُوا إِلَى أَبِيهِمْ قَالُواْ يأَبَانَا مُنِعَ مِنَّا الْكَيْلُ فَأَرْسِلْ مَعَنَآ أَخَانَا نَكْتَلْ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَـفِظُونَ
(63. So, when they returned to their father, they said: “O our father! No more measure of grain shall we get (unless we take our brother). So send our brother with us, and we shall get our measure and truly, we will guard him.”)
 قَالَ هَلْ آمَنُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ إِلاَّ كَمَآ أَمِنتُكُمْ عَلَى أَخِيهِ مِن قَبْلُ فَاللَّهُ خَيْرٌ حَـفِظًا وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ الرَحِمِينَ
(64. He said: “Can I entrust him to you except as I entrusted his brother [Yusuf] to you aforetime But Allah is the Best to guard, and He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy.”)
Surah 12 Yusuf  Verse 63-64
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
Allah says that when they went back to their father,
(they said: “O our father! No more measure of grain shall we get…”) `after this time, unless you send our brother Binyamin with us. So send him with us, and we shall get our measure and we shall certainly guard him.’ Some scholars read this Ayah in a way that means, `and he shall get his ration.’ They said,
(and truly, we will guard him.), `do not fear for his safety, for he will be returned back to you.’ This is what they said to Ya`qub about their brother Yusuf,
(“Send him with us tomorrow to enjoy himself and play, and verily, we will take care of him.”) [12:12] This is why Prophet Ya`qub said to them,
(Can I entrust him to you except as I entrusted his brother [Yusuf] to you aforetime) He asked them, `Will you do to him except what you did to his brother Yusuf before, when you took him away from me and separated me from him’
(But Allah is the Best to guard, and He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy.) Ya`qub said, `Allah has the most mercy with me among all those who show mercy, He is compassionate with me for my old age, feebleness and eagerness for my son. I invoke Allah to return him to me, and to allow him and I to be together; for surely, He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy.’
وَلَمَّا فَتَحُواْ مَتَـعَهُمْ وَجَدُواْ بِضَـعَتَهُمْ رُدَّتْ إِلَيْهِمْ قَالُواْ يأَبَانَا مَا نَبْغِى هَـذِهِ بِضَـعَتُنَا رُدَّتْ إِلَيْنَا وَنَمِيرُ أَهْلَنَا وَنَحْفَظُ أَخَانَا وَنَزْدَادُ كَيْلَ بَعِيرٍ ذلِكَ كَيْلٌ يَسِيرٌ
(65. And when they opened their bags, they found their money had been returned to them. They said: “O our father! What (more) can we desire This, our money has been returned to us; so we shall get (more) food for our family, and we shall guard our brother and add one more measure of a camel’s load. This quantity is easy (for the king to give).”)
 قَالَ لَنْ أُرْسِلَهُ مَعَكُمْ حَتَّى تُؤْتُونِ مَوْثِقًا مِّنَ اللَّهِ لَتَأْتُنَّنِى بِهِ إِلاَّ أَن يُحَاطَ بِكُمْ فَلَمَّآ ءَاتَوْهُ مَوْثِقَهُمْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مَا نَقُولُ وَكِيلٌ
 (66. He [Ya`qub] said: “I will not send him with you until you swear a solemn oath to me in Allah’s Name, that you will bring him back to me unless you are yourselves surrounded (by enemies),” And when they had sworn their solemn oath, he said: “Allah is the Witness to what we have said.”)
Surah 12 Yusuf Verse 65-66
Tafsir ibn Kathir
Allah says, when Yusuf’s brothers opened their bags, they found their merchandise inside them, for Yusuf had ordered his servants to return it to their bags. When they found their merchandise in their bags,
(They said: “O our father! What (more) can we desire…”), what more can we ask for,
(This, our money has been returned to us;) Qatadah commented (that they said), “What more can we ask for, our merchandise was returned to us and the `Aziz has given us the sufficient load we wanted” They said next,
(so we shall get (more) food for our family,), `if you send our brother with us the next time we go to buy food for our family,’
(and we shall guard our brother and add one more measure of a camel’s load.) since Yusuf, peace be upon him, gave each man a camel’s load of corn.
(This quantity is easy (for the king to give).) They said these words to make their case more appealing, saying that taking their brother with them is worth this gain,
(He [Ya`qub (Jacob)] said: “I will not send him with you until you swear a solemn oath to me in Allah’s Name…”), until you swear by Allah with the strongest oath,
(that you will bring him back to me unless you are yourselves surrounded (by enemies)), unless you were all overwhelmed and were unable to rescue him,
(And when they had sworn their solemn oath), he affirmed it further, saying,
(Allah is the Witness to what we have said.) Ibn Ishaq commented, “Ya`qub did that because he had no choice but to send them to bring necessary food supplies for their survival. So he sent Binyamin with them.”
وَقَالَ يبَنِىَّ لاَ تَدْخُلُواْ مِن بَابٍ وَاحِدٍ وَادْخُلُواْ مِنْ أَبْوَابٍ مُّتَفَرِّقَةٍ وَمَآ أُغْنِى عَنكُمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ مِن شَىْءٍ إِنِ الْحُكْمُ إِلاَّ للَّهِ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَعَلَيْهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُتَوَكِّلُونَ
(67. And he said: “O my sons! Do not enter by one gate, but enter by different gates, and I cannot avail you against Allah at all. Verily, the decision rests only with Allah. In Him, I put my trust and let all those that trust, put their trust in Him.”)
وَلَمَّا دَخَلُواْ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَهُمْ أَبُوهُم مَّا كَانَ يُغْنِى عَنْهُمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ مِن شَىْءٍ إِلاَّ حَاجَةً فِى نَفْسِ يَعْقُوبَ قَضَاهَا وَإِنَّهُ لَذُو عِلْمٍ لِّمَا عَلَّمْنَاهُ وَلَـكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ
(68. And when they entered according to their father’s advice, it did not avail them in the least against (the will of) Allah; it was but a need of Ya`qub’s inner self which he discharged. And verily, he was endowed with knowledge because We had taught him, but most men know not.)
Surah 2 Yusuf Verse 67-68
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
Allah says that Ya`qub, peace be upon him, ordered his children, when he sent Binyamin with them to Egypt, to enter from different gates rather than all of them entering from one gate. Ibn `Abbas, Muhammad bin Ka`b, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak Qatadah, As-Suddi and several others said that he feared the evil eye for them, because they were handsome and looked beautiful and graceful. He feared that people might direct the evil eye at them, because the evil eye truly harms, by Allah’s decree, and brings down the mighty warrior-rider from his horse. He next said,
(and I cannot avail you against Allah at all.) this precaution will not resist Allah’s decision and appointed decree. Verily, whatever Allah wills, cannot be resisted or stopped,
(“Verily, the decision rests only with Allah. In Him, I put my trust and let all those that trust, put their trust in Him.” And when they entered according to their father’s advice, it did not avail them in the least against (the will of) Allah; it was but a need of Ya`qub’s inner self which he discharged. ), as a precaution against the evil eye,
(And verily, he was endowed with knowledge because We had taught him,) he had knowledge that he implemented, according to Qatadah and Ath-Thawri. Ibn Jarir said that this part of the Ayah means, he has knowledge that We taught him,
(but most men know not.)
وَلَمَّا دَخَلُواْ عَلَى يُوسُفَ آوَى إِلَيْهِ أَخَاهُ قَالَ إِنِّى أَنَاْ أَخُوكَ فَلاَ تَبْتَئِسْ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ
(69. And when they went in before Yusuf, he took his brother (Binyamin) to himself and said: “Verily, I am your brother, so grieve not for what they used to do.”)
Surah 12 Yusuf Verse 69
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
Allah states that when Yusuf’s brothers went in before him along with his full brother Binyamin, he invited them to a place of honor as privileged guests. He granted them gifts and generous hospitality and kindness. He met his brother in confidence and told him the story of what happened to him and that he was in fact his brother. He said to him,
`(grieve not) nor feel sad for what they did to me.’ He ordered Binyamin to hide the news from them and to refrain from telling them that the `Aziz is his brother Yusuf. He plotted with him to keep him in Egypt enjoying honor and great hospitality.
فَلَمَّا جَهَّزَهُمْ بِجَهَازِهِمْ جَعَلَ السِّقَايَةَ فِى رَحْلِ أَخِيهِ ثُمَّ أَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنٌ أَيَّتُهَا الْعِيرُ إِنَّكُمْ لَسَارِقُونَ
(70. So when he furnished them forth with their provisions, he put the bowl in his brother’s bag. Then a crier cried: “O you (in) the caravan! Surely, you are thieves!”)
 قَالُواْ وَأَقْبَلُواْ عَلَيْهِمْ مَّاذَا تَفْقِدُونَ
(71. They, turning towards them, said: “What is it that you have lost”)
قَالُواْ نَفْقِدُ صُوَاعَ الْمَلِكِ وَلِمَن جَآءَ بِهِ حِمْلُ بَعِيرٍ وَأَنَاْ بِهِ زَعِيمٌ
(72. They said: “We have lost the bowl of the king and for him who produces it is (the reward of) a camel load; and I will be bound by it.”)
Surah 12 Yusuf Verse 70-72
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
After Yusuf supplied them with their provisions, he ordered some of his servants to place his silver bowl (in Binyamin’s bag), according to the majority of scholars. Some scholars said that the king’s bowl was made from gold. Ibn Zayd added that the king used it to drink from, and later, measured food grains with it since food became scarce in that time, according to Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd. Shu`bah said that Abu Bishr narrated that Sa`id bin Jubayr said that Ibn `Abbas said that the king’s bowl was made from silver and he used it to drink with. Yusuf had the bowl placed in Binyamin’s bag while they were unaware, and then had someone herald,
(O you (in) the caravan! Surely, you are thieves!) They looked at the man who was heralding this statement and asked him,
(“What is it that you have lost” They said: “We have lost the bowl of the king…”), which he used to measure food grains,
(and for him who produces it is a camel load;), as a reward,
(and I will be bound by it.), as assurance of delivery of the reward.
قَالُواْ تَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ مَّا جِئْنَا لِنُفْسِدَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَمَا كُنَّا سَـرِقِينَ
(73. They said: “By Allah! Indeed you know that we came not to make mischief in the land, and we are no thieves!”)
 قَالُواْ فَمَا جَزَآؤُهُ إِن كُنتُمْ كَـذِبِينَ
(74. They said: “What then shall be the penalty of him, if you are (proved to be) liars.”)
قَالُواْ جَزؤُهُ مَن وُجِدَ فِى رَحْلِهِ فَهُوَ جَزَاؤُهُ كَذَلِكَ نَجْزِى الظَّـلِمِينَ
(75. They [Yusuf's brothers] said: “His penalty should be that he, in whose bag it is found, should be held for the punishment (of the crime). Thus we punish the wrongdoers!”)
 فَبَدَأَ بِأَوْعِيَتِهِمْ قَبْلَ وِعَآءِ أَخِيهِ ثُمَّ اسْتَخْرَجَهَا مِن وِعَآءِ أَخِيهِ كَذَلِكَ كِدْنَا لِيُوسُفَ مَا كَانَ لِيَأْخُذَ أَخَاهُ فِى دِينِ الْمَلِكِ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ اللَّهُ نَرْفَعُ دَرَجَـتٍ مَّن نَّشَآءُ وَفَوْقَ كُلِّ ذِى عِلْمٍ عَلِيمٌ
(76. So he [Yusuf] began (the search) in their bags before the bag of his brother. Then he brought it out of his brother’s bag. Thus did We plan for Yusuf. He could not take his brother by the law of the king (as a slave), except that Allah willed it. We raise to degrees whom We will, but over all those endowed with knowledge is the All-Knowing (Allah).)
Surah 12 Yusuf Verse 73-76
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
(By Allah! Indeed you know that we came not to make mischief in the land, and we are no thieves!) `Ever since you knew us, you, due to our good conduct, became certain that,
(we came not to make mischief in the land, and we are no thieves!) They said, `Theft is not in our character, as you came to know.’ Yusuf’s men said,
`(What then shall be the penalty of him), in reference to the thief, if it came out that he is one of you,’
(if you are (proved to be) liars) They asked them, `What should be the thief’s punishment if he is one of you’
(They said: “His penalty should be that he, in whose bag it is found, should be held for the punishment. Thus we punish the wrongdoers!”) This was the law of Prophet Ibrahim, peace be upon him, that the thief be given as a slave to the victim of theft. This is what Yusuf wanted, and this is why he started with their bags first before his brother’s bag, to perfect the plot,
(Then he brought it out of his brother’s bag.) Therefore, Yusuf took Binyamin as a slave according to their judgement and the law which they believed in. So Allah said;
(Thus did We plan for Yusuf.) and this is a good plot that Allah likes and prefers, because it seeks a certain benefit using wisdom and the benefit of all. Allah said next,
(He could not take his brother by the law of the king,) as a captive, for this was not the law of king of Egypt, according to Ad-Dahhak and several other scholars. Allah only allowed Yusuf to take his brother as a captive after his brothers agreed to this judgement beforehand, and he knew that this was their law. This is why Allah praised him when He said,
(We raise to degrees whom We will,) just as He said in another Ayah,
(Allah will exalt in degree those of you who believe.) [58:11] Allah said next,
(but over all those endowed with knowledge is the All-Knowing.) Al-Hasan commented, “There is no knowledgeable person, but there is another person with more knowledge until it ends at Allah the Exalted and Most Honored. In addition, `Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Sa`id bin Jubayr said, “We were with Ibn `Abbas when he narrated an amazing Hadith. A man in the audience said, `All praise is to Allah! There is an all-knowing above every person endowed with knowledge.’ Ibn `Abbas responded, `Worse it is that which you said! Allah is the All-Knowing and His knowledge is above the knowledge of every knowledgeable person.’ Simak narrated that `Ikrimah said that Ibn `Abbas said about Allah’s statement,
(but over all those endowed with knowledge is the All-Knowing (Allah).) “This person has more knowledge than that person, and Allah is above all knowledgeable persons.” Similar was narrated from `Ikrimah. Qatadah said, “Over every person endowed with knowledge is a more knowledgeable person until all knowledge ends with Allah. Verily, knowledge started from Allah, and from Him the scholars learn, and to Him all knowledge returns.” `Abdullah bin Mas`ud read the Ayah this way, (وَفَوْقَ كُلِّ عَالِمٍ عَلِيمٌ) “And above every scholar, is the All-Knower (Allah).”
قَالُواْ إِن يَسْرِقْ فَقَدْ سَرَقَ أَخٌ لَّهُ مِن قَبْلُ فَأَسَرَّهَا يُوسُفُ فِى نَفْسِهِ وَلَمْ يُبْدِهَا لَهُمْ قَالَ أَنْتُمْ شَرٌّ مَّكَاناً وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمْ بِمَا تَصِفُونَ
(77. They [Yusuf's brothers] said: “If he steals, there was a brother of his [Yusuf] who did steal before (him)).
Surah 12 Yusuf verse 77
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
(But these things did Yusuf keep in himself, revealing not the secrets to them. He said (within himself): “You are in an evil situation, and Allah is the Best Knower of that which you describe!”)
After Yusuf’s brothers saw that the king’s bowl was taken out of Binyamin’s bag, they said,
(If he steals, there was a brother of his who did steal before.) They tried to show themselves as innocent from being like Binyamin, saying that he did just like a brother of his did beforehand, meaning Yusuf, peace be upon him! Allah said,
(But these things did Yusuf keep in himself), meaning the statement that he said afterwards,
(You are in an evil situation, and Allah is the Best Knower of that which you describe!) Yusuf said this to himself and did not utter it aloud, thus intending to hide what he wanted to say to himself even before he said it. Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said about Allah’s statement,
(But these things did Yusuf keep in himself), “He kept in himself [his statement next],
(You are in an evil situation, and Allah is the Best Knower of that which you describe!).”
قَالُواْ يأَيُّهَا الْعَزِيزُ إِنَّ لَهُ أَبًا شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا فَخُذْ أَحَدَنَا مَكَانَهُ إِنَّا نَرَاكَ مِنَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ
(78. They said: “O `Aziz! Verily, he has an old father (who will grieve for him); so take one of us in his place. Indeed we think that you are one of the doers of good.”)
 قَالَ مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ أَن نَّأْخُذَ إِلاَّ مَن وَجَدْنَا مَتَـعَنَا عِندَهُ إِنَّـآ إِذًا لَّظَـلِمُونَ
(79. He said: “Allah forbid, that we should take anyone but him with whom we found our property. Indeed (if we did so), we should be wrongdoers.”)
Surah 12 Yusuf verse 78-79
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
When it was decided that Benyamin was to be taken and kept with Yusuf according to the law they adhered by, Yusuf’s brothers started requesting clemency and raising compassion in his heart for them,
(They said, “O `Aziz! Verily, he has an old father…”) who loves him very much and is comfor- ted by his presence from the son that he lost,
(so take one of us in his place.), instead of Binyamin to remain with you,
(Indeed we think that you are one of the doers of good.), the good doers, just, and accepting fairness,
(He said: “Allah forbid, that we should take anyone but him with whom we found our property…”), `according to the judgement that you gave for his punishment,
(Indeed, we should be wrongdoers.), if we take an innocent man instead of the guilty man. ‘
فَلَمَّا اسْتَيْأَسُواْ مِنْهُ خَلَصُواْ نَجِيًّا قَالَ كَبِيرُهُمْ أَلَمْ تَعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ أَبَاكُمْ قَدْ أَخَذَ عَلَيْكُمْ مَّوْثِقًا مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَمِن قَبْلُ مَا فَرَّطتُمْ فِى يُوسُفَ فَلَنْ أَبْرَحَ الاٌّرْضَ حَتَّى يَأْذَنَ لِى أَبِى أَوْ يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ لِى وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الْحَـكِمِينَ
(80. So, when they despaired of him, they consulted in private. The eldest among them said: “Know you not that your father did take an oath from you in Allah’s Name, and before this you did fail in your duty with Yusuf Therefore I will not leave this land until my father permits me, or Allah decides my case and He is the Best of the judges.)
ارْجِعُواْ إِلَى أَبِيكُمْ فَقُولُواْ يأَبَانَا إِنَّ ابْنَكَ سَرَقَ وَمَا شَهِدْنَآ إِلاَّ بِمَا عَلِمْنَا وَمَا كُنَّا لِلْغَيْبِ حَـفِظِينَ
(81. “Return to your father and say, `O our father! Verily, your son has stolen, and we testify not except according to what we know, and we could not know the Unseen!)
 وَاسْئَلِ الْقَرْيَةَ الَّتِى كُنَّا فِيهَا وَالّعِيْرَ الَّتِى أَقْبَلْنَا فِيهَا وَإِنَّا لَصَـدِقُونَ
 (82. “And ask (the people of) the town where we have been, and the caravan in which we returned; and indeed we are telling the truth.”)
Surah 12 Yusuf Verse 80-82
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
Allah narrates to us that Yusuf’s brothers were desperate because they could not secure the release of their brother Binyamin, even though they had given a promise and sworn to their father to bring him back. They were unable to fulfill their promise to their father, so,
(in private), away from people’s eyes,
(they consulted), among themselves,
(The eldest among them said), and his name, as we mentioned, was Rubil, or Yahudha. He was the one among them who recommended throwing Yusuf into a well, rather than killing him. So Rubil said to them,
`(Know you not that your father did take an oath from you in Allah’s Name,) that you will return Binyamin to him However, you were not able to fulfill this promise and, before you caused Yusuf to be lost from his father,
(Therefore I will not leave this land), I will not leave Egypt,
(until my father permits me, ) allows me to go back to him while he is pleased with me,
(or Allah decides my case) by using the sword, or, they says; by allowing me to secure the release of my brother,
(and He is the Best of the judges.), He next ordered them to narrate to their father what happened so that they could present their excuse about that happened to Binyamin and as claim their innocence before him. Rubil said to them (to say to their father),
(and we could not know the Unseen!) or, `we did not know that your son had committed theft,’ according to Qatadah and `Ikrimah. `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said that it means, `we did not know that Binyamin stole something that belonged to the king, we only stated the punishment of the thief,’
(And ask (the people of) the town where we have been,), in reference to Egypt, according to Qatadah, or another town.
(and the caravan in which we returned), `about our truthfulness, honesty, protection and sincere guardianship,
(and indeed we are telling the truth.) in what we have told you, that Binyamin stole and was taken as a captive as compensation for his theft.’

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